Sains Malaysiana 55(7)(2026): 1222-1233

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5507-10

 

Enhanced Quality Assurance: New Chain Sampling Plans Using Minimum Angle Method for Generalized Exponential Distribution

(Jaminan Kualiti yang Dipertingkatkan: Pelan Pensampelan Rantaian Baharu Menggunakan Kaedah Sudut Minimum untuk Taburan Eksponen Umum)

 

MOHD AZRI PAWAN TEH^1,2,*, AIMAN FIKRI JAMALUDIN¹ & NAZRINA AZIZ^1,2

 

¹School of Quantitative Sciences (SQS), UUM College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

²Institute of Strategic Industrial Decision Modelling (ISIDM), Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010 UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 20 November 2025/Diterima: 25 Jun 2026

 

Abstract

Acceptance sampling plays a crucial role in ensuring product quality by inspecting only a small representative sample from a large production lot. Every acceptance sampling plan outlines specific acceptance criteria that govern the decision to accept or reject the entire production lot. Chain sampling plan (ChSP-1), which is characterized by five acceptance criteria, is renowned for its leniency towards producers. On the other hand, modified chain sampling plan (MChSP-1) employs only three acceptance criteria and tends to favour the consumers. New chain sampling plan (NChSP-1) is developed in this study to strategically bridge the gap between these two existing plans. It adopts a balanced strategy by utilizing four acceptance criteria. Minimum angle method (MAM) is implemented in designing NChSP-1 through applying geometric approach that seeks to minimize the divergence between the observed and ideal operating characteristics (OC) curve. The method determines the minimum achievable angle by employing the tangent function across various quality levels. The efficacy of the sampling plan is evaluated through two significant performance parameters, which are the optimal number of sample size and the minimum angle. Both performance parameters are derived based on pre-determined design parameters related to the probability of lot acceptance and the lifetime distribution, where generalized exponential (GE) distribution is used to model the lifetime in this study. Comparative analysis shows that NChSP-1 consistently produces smaller optimal sample size and minimum angle than ChSP-1, indicating its advantages in risk balancing and resource efficiency. These outcomes highlight the applicability of NChSP-1 for industrial practitioners engaged in life testing procedures.

Keywords: Acceptance criteria; minimum angle; new chain sampling

 

Abstrak

Pensampelan penerimaan memainkan peranan penting dalam memastikan kualiti produk dengan memeriksa hanya sampel perwakilan yang kecil daripada lot pengeluaran yang besar. Setiap pelan persampelan penerimaan menggariskan kriteria penerimaan khusus yang mengawal keputusan untuk menerima atau menolak keseluruhan lot pengeluaran. Pelan persampelan berantai (ChSP-1) yang dicirikan oleh lima kriteria penerimaan terkenal dengan kelonggarannya terhadap pengeluar. Sebaliknya, pelan persampelan berantai terubah suai (MChSP-1) hanya menggunakan tiga kriteria penerimaan dan cenderung memihak kepada pengguna. Pelan persampelan berantai baharu (NChSP-1) dibangunkan dalam kajian ini untuk merapatkan jurang secara strategik antara dua pelan sedia ada ini. Ia mengguna pakai strategi yang seimbang dengan memanfaatkan empat kriteria penerimaan. Kaedah sudut minimum (MAM) dilaksanakan dalam mereka bentuk NChSP-1 melalui pendekatan geometri yang bertujuan untuk meminimumkan sisihan antara lengkung cirian pengoperasian (OC) yang diperhatikan dan yang ideal. Kaedah ini menentukan sudut minimum yang boleh dicapai dengan menggunakan fungsi tangen merentasi pelbagai tahap kualiti. Kelebihan pelan persampelan ini dinilai melalui dua parameter prestasi penting, iaitu saiz sampel optimum dan sudut minimum. Kedua-dua parameter prestasi ini diperoleh berdasarkan parameter reka bentuk yang telah ditetapkan berkaitan dengan kebarangkalian penerimaan lot dan taburan jangka hayat dengan taburan eksponen teritlak (GE) digunakan untuk memodelkan jangka hayat dalam kajian ini. Analisis perbandingan menunjukkan bahawa NChSP-1 secara tekal menghasilkan saiz sampel optimum dan sudut minimum yang lebih kecil berbanding ChSP-1, yang menunjukkan kelebihannya dalam pengimbangan risiko dan kecekapan sumber. Hasil ini menonjolkan kebolehgunaan NChSP-1 untuk pengamal industri yang terlibat dalam prosedur pengujian jangka hayat.

Kata kunci: Kriteria penerimaan; pensampelan berantai baharu; sudut minimum

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohd.azri.pawan@uum.edu.my